To What Extent Does a Hotel Have an Obligation to Protect Guests from Bed Bugs? – A Bed Bug Attorney Weighs In
Few if any states have actual “bed bug” laws that dictate the specific duties that a hotel must provide it’s guests to protect them from bed bugs. The lack of legislative enactments in a state’s code, however, should not be misinterpreted as lack of laws. The “duty of care” is well-established law in each state and is also known as “premises liability.”
Premises liability cases describe the duty of care a property owner or manager must extend to it’s guests to avoid being found negligent. This analysis can be tricky. For instance, how far a hotel must go to put in place protective measures protecting guests against bed bugs largely depends upon demographics and the high-risk nature of a particular property.
Courts generally balance several factors in determining whether the hotel exercised reasonable care in avoiding a negligence finding. Among those facts are (1) the foreseeability of harm or a bed bug introduction; (2) the purpose for which the guest entered the hotel; (3) the time, manner and circumstances surrounding the guest’s use of the hotel; (4) the intended and anticipated use the guest will use the hotel for; (5) the reasonableness of the bed bug inspection, repair-remediation or warning; and (6) the opportunity and ease of repair or correction or giving the warning.
Naturally, how a hotel must act to comply with its duty has evolved over the years as bed bug Integrated Pest Management practices and technology has improved. For instance, the pest control industry, and thus their hotel clients, were on a “reactive” based protocol when attacking a bed bug issue 10 years ago. As the industry progressed, pest management professionals began implementing “inspection” based approaches to managing bed bugs for their customers. Inspection based procedures concentrated on the manner and frequency a hotel inspected all areas of the hotel from the rooms, laundry, and common areas as well as use of interceptors and having their pest control companies conduct general inspections of the hotel’s premises. Today, new technologies and products available to hotels have increased their duties to their guests to include preventative measures. For example, Active Mattress Liners can be installed on mattresses and/or box springs, which provide prevention and control of bed bugs for two years. Further, silica-based insecticidal dusts can be applied around perimeters offering extended residual control for months.
If a hotel is caught in a lawsuit or claim, the question of what could have been done to prevent bed bugs from attacking guests will be at the forefront of the inquiry. For this very reason, pest management companies also have a duty to educate their customers on both inspection techniques as well as how to prevent bed bugs from progressing through their property and attacking their guests.
The mere existence of a bed bug should, in most cases, not be enough to impose liability. That is, if the hotel property implements reasonable inspection and repair protocols including preventative measures. And, only then, has it honored its duty of care. The extent to which a hotel property must implement both aggressive measures will be dictated by the nature or high risk for bed bugs the property is at. Reactive based measures alone, however implemented, for effective bed bug management and control is an ancient and ineffective way of dealing with bed bugs in hotels and will assuredly create legal peril for hotel property owners. Early detection and prevention through both inspection and protection are essential elements of a hotel property’s duty and best practices to reduce their liability.
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Written by Jeffrey M. Lipman, Attorney-At-Law and Polk County Magistrate Judge.
Lipman Law Firm has a unique area of practice involving consumer class action litigation specializing in class action bed bug litigation. Jeff Lipman is a frequent speaker throughout the United States including the National Pest Management Association and Entomological Society of America.